![]() ![]() Click here to learn more!Įxceptions to the expected behavior involve elements toward the bottom of the groups. For example, aluminum (in group 13) forms 3+ ions (Al 3+).Īs always, there are exceptions. Thus, the charge of a cation formed by the loss of all valence electrons is equal to the group number minus 10. The Ca 2+ ion is therefore isoelectronic with the noble gas Ar.įor groups 13–17, the group numbers exceed the number of valence electrons by 10 (accounting for the possibility of full d subshells in atoms of elements in the fourth and greater periods). When a Ca atom loses both of its valence electrons, the result is a cation with 18 electrons, a 2+ charge, and an electron configuration of 1 s 22 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 6. For example, calcium is a group 2 element whose neutral atoms have 20 electrons and a ground-state electron configuration of 1 s 22 s 22 p 63 s 23 p 64 s 2. For groups 1 (the alkali metals) and 2 (the alkaline earth metals), the group numbers are equal to the numbers of valence shell electrons and, consequently, to the charges of the cations formed from atoms of these elements when all valence shell electrons are removed. When forming a cation, an atom of a main group element tends to lose all of its valence electrons, thus becoming isoelectronic with the previous noble gas in the periodic table. Electronic structures of CationsĪ cation (positively charged ion) forms when one or more electrons are removed from a parent atom. Calcium oxide(CaO) is an ionic compound.Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. As a result, oxygen acquires the electron configuration of neon, and calcium atoms acquire the electron configuration of argon.Ĭalcium oxide(CaO) is formed by the exchange of electrons between one atom of calcium and one atom of oxygen. The calcium atom donates its valence electrons to the oxygen atom and the oxygen atom receives those electrons. The electron configuration of oxygen shows that the valence electrons of oxygen are six. ![]() The valence electrons participate in the formation of bonds with atoms of other elements. Since the last shell of a calcium-ion has eight electrons, the valence electrons of calcium ion(Ca 2+) are eight. In this case, the valency of the calcium-ion is +2. This electron configuration shows that the calcium atom has acquired the electron configuration of argon. The electron configuration of calcium ion(Ca 2+) shows that calcium ion has three shells and the last shell has eight electrons(3s 2 3p 6). The electron configuration of calcium ion(Ca 2+) is 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6. The elements that form bonds by donating electrons are called a cation.Ĭalcium donates two electrons of the last shell to form a bond and turn into a calcium ion(Ca 2+). The elements that have 1, 2, or 3 electrons in the last shell donate the electrons in the last shell during bond formation. Valency and valence electrons of calcium How many valence electrons does calcium ion(Ca +2) have? The valence electrons determine the properties of the element and participate in the formation of bonds. The total number of electrons in the last shell after the electron configuration of calcium is called the valence electrons of calcium. The valence electron is the total number of electrons in the last orbit. Therefore, calcium is an alkaline earth metal. All the elements of group-2 are called alkaline earth metals. What are the valence electrons of calcium? Therefore, the number of neutrons in calcium is 20. We know that the atomic number of calcium is 20 and the atomic mass number is about 40(40.08u). That is, neutron number (n) = atomic mass number (A) – atomic number (Z) The number of neutrons in an element is obtained from the difference between the number of atomic masses and the number of atoms. That is, the calcium atom has a total of twenty electrons. Electrons equal to protons are located in a circular shell outside the nucleus. That is, the number of protons in the calcium is twenty. The atomic number is the number of protons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus. The nucleus is located in the center of the atom. How many protons, electrons and neutrons does a calcium atom have? Hopefully, after reading this article you will know in detail about this. This article discusses in detail how to easily calculate the number of valence electrons in calcium. Calcium participates in the formation of bonds through its valence electrons. Calcium is an alkaline earth metal and its symbol is ‘Ca’. The 20 th element in the periodic table is calcium. ![]()
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